1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Here, in the event of a nuclear attack, they would count down the 240 seconds to impact 2 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:14,440 the so-called four-minute early warning. But are the radar-defense networks of the world 3 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:20,720 too busy watching each other for signs of madness to detect the presence of a superior 4 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:25,720 intelligence from outer space? 5 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:32,720 Are spacecraft from other worlds already surveying our planet? 6 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:51,080 What are flying sources, unidentified flying objects, UFOs? Some people say they've seen 7 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:58,080 them in Britain, in Australia, in the Soviet Union, in America. 8 00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:03,240 Animal lover Joe Simonton, ex-professional boxer, Deputy Sheriff Wisconsin, he showed 9 00:01:03,240 --> 00:01:08,080 me the pancake given him by the flying saucer men. These are the two devon policemen who 10 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,360 chased a flying saucer across Dartmouth at 90 miles an hour. 11 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:17,720 Mrs. O'Reilly, one-time BOAC stewardess and poster girl who saw from a stratocruiser only 12 00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:22,680 approached a goose bale abradore in 1954, one of the most puzzling unidentified flying 13 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:28,880 objects ever reported. Barney and Betty Hill, who eventually revealed under hypnosis what 14 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:33,240 happened on the way home from vacation, the most extraordinary flying saucer story of 15 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:36,120 them all. 16 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:41,360 Now Mr. and Mrs. Hill, fix your eyes or mine, fix them all mine. Now, clasp your hands in 17 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:45,800 front of you, tight, tight, tight, tight, tight, tighter. As they get tighter, you're going 18 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:49,960 to sleep, you're going to a deep, deep sleep. Your eyes are getting heavy, they're closing, 19 00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:56,960 they're closing tight. Now, your hands are relaxed. You will relax fully, relax fully 20 00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:01,000 your head falls forward. Now you're in a very deep sleep. We're going back, we're going 21 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,720 back to September 19, 1961, when you were returning from your vacation. We're going 22 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:09,640 back to September 19, 1961. 23 00:02:09,640 --> 00:02:15,320 In my opinion, the UFO problem is the greatest scientific problem of our times. I think there 24 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:21,840 are essentially four kinds of explanations. First, you might have hoaxes and frauds. Secondly, 25 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:27,040 misidentified objects of terrestrial origin. Third, unusual psychological disturbances 26 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:34,040 of some kind. Fourth, some kind of extraterrestrial vehicles engage, let's say, in surveying our 27 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:40,240 planet. I go for the fourth one, the idea that objects may be surveying our planet. 28 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:46,480 My position is that in the UFO, we are actually dealing with extraterrestrial visitation. 29 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:51,640 I say this because people whose judgment you would take under any other circumstances report 30 00:02:51,640 --> 00:02:56,080 that they see vehicles and they report that these vehicles on occasion have occupants. 31 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:01,320 My interests and qualifications in this matter are primarily anthropological and linguistic, 32 00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:07,800 and I translate reports in dozen languages, which come to us all over the world. And I'm 33 00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:13,880 very impressed with the similarities that I find in the experiences that these people 34 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:18,800 play into our head and in the patterns that I see running through it all. And I simply 35 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:20,720 cannot believe that all these people are nuts. 36 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:25,280 There is an accumulation of evidence for the existence of flying saucers, and as editor, 37 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:32,280 I see the lot. And this evidence, so we find, goes back for many centuries. I am the opinion 38 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:38,800 that this thing cries out for a serious scientific investigation. 39 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:44,200 Yet not one of these men has ever seen a flying saucer. They only take them seriously on the 40 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:45,760 evidence of others. 41 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:49,880 People who see flying saucers are, generally speaking, distinct from those who believe in 42 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:55,200 them. The believers are so fairly wishful in their thinking that they just don't need 43 00:03:55,200 --> 00:04:01,080 any personal experience to both to their faith. But from my point of view, the people who 44 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:07,160 see flying saucers are different. And since only seldom do instruments record flying saucers, 45 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:12,440 it's the people who report seeing them who are the most significant way of getting at 46 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:18,940 the truth. That is why I have long maintained that more good might come from the study of 47 00:04:18,940 --> 00:04:24,320 sincere witnesses than from bothering too much about what they say they've seen. 48 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:30,160 This program is about these sincere witnesses. People like Captain James Howard, Senior BOAC 49 00:04:30,280 --> 00:04:35,320 pilot, and the only people in this program are the ones I judge to be sincere after going 50 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:40,720 into more than a hundred cases. I started my investigation by going aboard a VC-10 and 51 00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:42,520 talking to Captain Howard. 52 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:49,520 Yes, on June the 29th, 1954, I was in command of the BOAC Stratocruiser flight from New 53 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:56,520 York to London. We normally flew nonstop from New York to London, but on this occasion, 54 00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:02,640 because the tailwinds were very light, I had to plan to make a refueling stop at Goose Bay 55 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:09,640 in Labrador. We took off from New York at about five o'clock in the evening, late afternoon, 56 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:16,640 and climbed out on our track towards Goose Bay. About three hours out of New York, we 57 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:22,760 crossed over a place on the St. Lawrence School Seven Islands, and this time we were flying 58 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:28,040 at 19,000 feet at about 250 miles an hour. 59 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:35,040 And I'm looking out of the left-hand window here. I noticed some moving objects below 60 00:05:35,640 --> 00:05:42,640 us and about three miles off to our left-hand side. I turned to my co-pilot to attract his 61 00:05:43,760 --> 00:05:49,120 attention to him, and he obviously had already seen them. And we looked at these for a few 62 00:05:49,160 --> 00:05:53,880 moments, trying to make out what they could be. There appeared to be one large one and 63 00:05:53,880 --> 00:06:00,880 a number of small, black, gray objects. And as we watched them, they appeared to be moving 64 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:09,560 with us, moving in and out of the small clouds which were below us at this time. After a few 65 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:16,160 moments, we left all the clouds behind us, and these objects climbed until they were 66 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:22,560 keeping station with us off our port, Wynter. It's difficult to estimate the distance, but 67 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:29,560 I should guess somewhere between two and five miles away. And they stayed there with us 68 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:36,080 for about 20 minutes or more. And while they were traveling alongside us, I had a sketch 69 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:41,080 pad on my knee, and I was able to make sketches of the appearance of these things, whatever 70 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:48,160 they were. In short, there were six small ones which were roughly globular in shape, 71 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:56,360 and one large one which slowly but continually changed its shape. On one occasion, it looked 72 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:02,840 rather like a dumbbell, or at the time I said it looked like an upturned telephone receiver 73 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:08,520 lying on its side. Another time, it looked rather like an arrowhead, and then it merged 74 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:14,920 from that into a globular shape again. It was dark in color, and although silhouetted 75 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:21,920 against a fairly bright evening sky, it was absolutely opaque. And by this time, of course, 76 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:27,800 the rest of the crew, the navigator, radio officer, flight engineer and so on, had cut 77 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,800 them down with something very peculiar was going on, and they were all crowding around 78 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:38,880 the windows and watching this thing. I turned to the co-pilot and said, I think we ought 79 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:45,280 to tell somebody that there's something very strange going on, and he said, yes, but what 80 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:50,520 shall I tell him? I couldn't think of what to say, so I said, ask Goose Bay Radio if 81 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:56,400 they have any other traffic in this area. And he did that, and they said, no, we haven't. 82 00:07:56,480 --> 00:08:02,480 Why do you want to know? So then he had to describe what we thought. And then after a moment 83 00:08:02,480 --> 00:08:09,480 to say, the controller at Goose Bay said that he had a night fighter, an air force machine, 84 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:14,960 into the vicinity of Goose Bay, and would send it down in our direction to see if he 85 00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:21,960 could have a look, which he did. And after about another five minutes or so, the instruction 86 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:26,320 from the ground to change radio frequency so that I could talk directly to the fighter 87 00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:33,320 pilot. And I described what I saw to this fighter, and he began narrowing the distance 88 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:41,120 between us. But as I was talking to the fighter pilot, the Smerry ones, small objects, disappeared. 89 00:08:43,680 --> 00:08:48,680 I didn't personally see them disappear, but my navigator told me that the Smerry ones 90 00:08:49,400 --> 00:08:56,400 went towards the center one and appeared to go into it and leave only the large one visible. 91 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:04,440 And as I was watching again, the large object appeared to shrink in size until it was no 92 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:11,440 more than a pinpoint. And this was the way it was when the fighter arrived overhead. 93 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:16,440 Did anyone else see these things, apart from the people on the flight deck with you? 94 00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:20,760 Yes, after we'd been watching these things for a few minutes, the stewardess came up 95 00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:27,760 from the passenger cabin to say that the passengers were really watching these objects and wanted 96 00:09:29,560 --> 00:09:33,680 to know what they were, and she said, by the way, what are they? And of course we were 97 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:39,600 able to enlighten her very much. And the stewardess was Mrs. O'Reilly, then Ms. Daphne 98 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:45,080 Webster. After we'd served dinner to the passengers, we were serving drinks, and we noticed there 99 00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:50,120 was some confusion in the cabin. Passengers were all looking out at the port side of the 100 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:56,120 aircraft. I went to look through to see what was going on, looked through the window, and 101 00:09:56,120 --> 00:10:02,240 there we saw these seven objects. The one, very large one, which was black and solid 102 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:08,360 looking, it kept changing shape. When we first saw it, it was pear shaped, and then it was 103 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:13,600 stretched out like a cigar, and then like an inverted telephone. I know it sounds ridiculous, 104 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:20,120 but it did look absolutely solid. There were six little ones applying information, sometimes 105 00:10:20,120 --> 00:10:26,120 three in front and three behind, or five in front and one behind, but always six of changing 106 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:32,120 formation. The passengers, of course, asked me what it was, and I had no idea. I went 107 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:36,680 on to the flight deck and asked Captain Howard. When I got on to the flight deck, Captain 108 00:10:36,680 --> 00:10:41,920 Howard and the technical crew were also all looking through the window, and when I asked 109 00:10:41,960 --> 00:10:47,280 Captain Howard what it was, he simply said, I don't know, but for goodness sake, keep 110 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:48,280 the passengers happy. 111 00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:52,280 Then did you personally feel when you saw them? 112 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:59,280 It's rather obvious, because I felt rather kindly disposed towards them, if you like. 113 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:10,320 People have often asked me whether we were in any sense afraid of them, or whether we 114 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:17,400 felt they were hostile, and the answer is exactly the opposite. I talked with my crew 115 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:23,800 later about this, and all of them agree that they felt some sort of bond of affection, 116 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:30,800 if you like, between us and them, whatever they were. This was very strange, a very powerful 117 00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:34,640 feeling, too, and the thing that I remember to this day. 118 00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:36,800 Would you describe the feeling as comforting? 119 00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:43,280 Yes, indeed. That's how I'll sum it up, and when the things disappeared, we felt almost 120 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:48,280 a sense of loss, disappointment when they've gone. 121 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:54,280 Throughout an investigation of this kind, we have to remember that everyone is only human, 122 00:11:54,280 --> 00:12:01,280 scientists and BAC pilots alike. So why should Captain Howard find it so comforting? Was this 123 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:06,520 after all a wishful fulfillment of some kind? Then a plain load of people, and as far as 124 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:11,520 I can find out, they all shared the experience. This really is a most puzzling case. 125 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:17,360 Then, much more recently, in October 1967, there were the two Devon Feastmen, Roger Willie 126 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:21,320 and Clifford Waycott, who seemed to start a spate of sightings over Britain which hit 127 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:26,320 the headlines for weeks on in. First with the news was the local reporter, Jack Hellyer. 128 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:33,320 Police in a patrol car chased two large cross-shaped, unidentified, flying planes, and they were 129 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:43,520 carrying objects before nearly an hour through Devon today. The demonstration of that evening 130 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:50,160 it made the news on the BBC, delegations coming mostly from the Midlands and the North-East. 131 00:12:50,160 --> 00:12:53,880 Devon's unidentified flying object, the two policemen who chased it in their car near 132 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:58,560 Ocampton early today, said later they're certain it wasn't an aircraft or a planet. They watched 133 00:12:58,560 --> 00:13:01,960 the object a bright light in the shape of a cross for nearly an hour. 134 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:04,280 It looked like a bright street lamp. 135 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:06,480 Was it high or was it low in the sky? 136 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:08,200 It was at treetop height. 137 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:09,600 Was it making a noise? 138 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:10,600 No. 139 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:12,720 For how long did you follow it? 140 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:19,720 We followed it for a while, but then later in all, the time we followed it was for about 141 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:21,840 fifty minutes. 142 00:13:21,840 --> 00:13:24,160 How about speed? What speed was it doing? 143 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:29,520 I would say the acceleration was really terrific, between ninety and a hundred miles an hour. 144 00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:33,040 Did it look to you as if it was under control being piloted by somebody? 145 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:38,200 It looked to me that it was under control, but whether or not it was piloted is beyond 146 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:39,200 me. 147 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:43,280 Next morning it was on the front page of the Times, and by evening it ran across five 148 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:45,080 columns of the evening standard. 149 00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:50,960 A pound to a penny it was Venus suggested the Royal Observatory at Hussman Zoo. 150 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:55,480 The flying crosses seemed by police in Devon, Dorset and Sussex, where U.S. Air Force planes 151 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:59,840 on a refueling exercise, a Ministry of Defense spokesman said last night. 152 00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:05,640 The Royal Observatory said, there is something up there which is not a star or a planet. 153 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:10,000 The Ministry of Defense admitted yesterday that the emphatic and official explanation 154 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,880 given on Friday no longer stands up. 155 00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:19,240 What has been your reaction to it since you actually saw it some months ago now? 156 00:14:19,240 --> 00:14:24,280 Well we haven't deviated from what we first said. 157 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:28,960 What about the explanations which have been offered in the press and elsewhere? 158 00:14:28,960 --> 00:14:30,960 I give no credence to them. 159 00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:33,960 Are you a margin? 160 00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:38,320 I think if somebody could give us some good logical explanation for what it was then probably 161 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:40,200 you might be able to accept it. 162 00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:47,800 Things are sent from this world into outer space and there should be a rational explanation 163 00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:49,720 of where they end up. 164 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:52,640 Sometimes there is no rational explanation. 165 00:14:53,640 --> 00:14:59,240 I've had ordinary people say to me, what is obvious, you know, that if we send stuff 166 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:04,960 up there that they can send stuff down to us, it's not beyond the realms of possibility, 167 00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:07,960 am I right? 168 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:12,880 Has it ever occurred to you that what you saw might be something that you saw, all right, 169 00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:15,000 but it wasn't there at all? 170 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:24,720 I think if I observed it on my own probably, yes it might have been, but seeing that my 171 00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:32,760 colleague also observed it and other people that saw it previous to the time that we saw 172 00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:34,760 it completely independent. 173 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:40,640 There was a telephone message on Minds, Better's Desk which he showed me from a lady who lived 174 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:47,600 near where we'd first seen it and apparently her 15 years old son had had the flu and she 175 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:53,680 was in his bedroom and they were both awake when she looked out of the window and she 176 00:15:53,680 --> 00:15:59,880 as a legend has said, ye gods boys the Martians are coming. 177 00:15:59,880 --> 00:16:04,560 But throughout the chase squad car crews all over Devon and Cornwall were in fact pulling 178 00:16:04,560 --> 00:16:09,080 their legs over the intercom, but not one of the other crews saw anything strange in 179 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:10,080 the sky. 180 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:15,280 Now Venus rose that morning at 3.20 in the eastern sky and by five o'clock would have 181 00:16:15,280 --> 00:16:20,080 been just above treetop height, but then I've checked for the Met Office and they report 182 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:22,080 the sky completely overcast. 183 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:26,840 However, it remains a fact that no single object has been misinterpreted more often 184 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:31,840 than the planet Venus, but it certainly wasn't Venus that Dr. Clyde Tombow saw. 185 00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:37,600 He's the astronomer who discovered the planet Pluto and now works in Las Cruces, New Mexico. 186 00:16:37,600 --> 00:16:42,960 Now of the three different types of objects that I have seen I would say the most extraordinary 187 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:49,640 one was one I saw in 1949 in August in Las Cruces from my backyard. 188 00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:57,320 That particular evening my wife and her mother and I were enjoying the cool air and I was 189 00:16:57,320 --> 00:17:03,120 admiring the beautiful transparent sky with the stars and I happened to be looking overhead 190 00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:12,760 and suddenly I spied a strange group of lights moving and I said, look, and they thought 191 00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:19,960 immediately and then I would say they were visible for about three seconds of time and 192 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:26,160 they disappeared at a height of about 35 degrees above the south-south eastern horizon. 193 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:30,240 No sound and they seem to kind of pale out. 194 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:37,080 The rectangles of people light seem to foreshorten into slits and I've never seen anything like 195 00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:41,080 it before since and I'm very much positive as to what the thing was. 196 00:17:56,160 --> 00:18:02,800 Running out of gas a bit here. 197 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:08,360 Of course the stars were always there but not balloons and an awful lot of UFOs turn 198 00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:24,360 out to be meteorological balloons. 199 00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:27,800 But surely not the one Professor Charles Mawl saw. 200 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:33,200 He is Professor of Physics at the Institute of Mining and Technology in New Mexico. 201 00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:38,720 In 1949 I was working with a Navy balloon project and made a number of pilot balloon 202 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:40,760 wind measurements. 203 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:46,400 We launched a balloon one Sunday morning here in New Mexico in the company of some Navy 204 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:48,120 enlisted men. 205 00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:51,800 One of the Navy enlisted men who had never seen this before and was using the the auto 206 00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:56,240 light to follow the balloon and after a little while I looked up to see how he was doing 207 00:18:56,240 --> 00:19:00,240 and I saw an object that I thought was a balloon that was moving into the east quite rapidly 208 00:19:00,240 --> 00:19:04,360 and I urged that he get back on the balloon and he assured me he had the balloon. 209 00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:08,400 So I immediately took the the auto light looked through it and he did have the balloon. 210 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:12,560 I was very interested in what this other object was so I abandoned the balloon and began tracking 211 00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:13,560 it. 212 00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:18,160 It was moving very rapidly about five degrees or so per second across the sky went all the 213 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:23,200 way from the southwest down into the northeast and then it increased in elevation angle and 214 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:25,000 got small in a hurry. 215 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,400 It did all this about sixty five seconds. 216 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:34,640 We were quite puzzled about this so we made another sounding out of the east another balloon 217 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:40,040 and followed it this time in ninety thousand feet and this balloon went into the south 218 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:43,680 it had a north wind at all outstutes from the surface up to ninety thousand feet. 219 00:19:43,680 --> 00:19:47,720 Yet this object that I had thought initially was the balloon moved against the wind. 220 00:19:47,760 --> 00:19:49,280 I knew this wasn't a balloon. 221 00:19:49,280 --> 00:19:51,560 It wasn't a bird and it wasn't Venus. 222 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:56,680 I went over and called the White Sands Missile Range Blockhouse to find out if they had 223 00:19:56,680 --> 00:20:01,400 launched something and I got some message back to the fact that are you guys nuts. 224 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:05,760 This is Sunday. Nobody's working. 225 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:10,560 Meteorological balloons refueling aircraft and optical instruments that sometimes produce 226 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:15,680 ghost images are comparatively recent. 227 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:19,240 But the UFO mystery is probably as old as man himself. 228 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:28,240 Legends tell of a time when men from the skies landed on our planet. 229 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:42,880 Are these prehistoric rock carvings their pictures? 230 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:48,160 This fresco the great Martian God dates back to 6000 BC. 231 00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:51,160 It was discovered in caves in the Sahara. 232 00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:58,160 The strange headgear closely resembles that of a modern astronaut. 233 00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:05,480 Early history contains descriptions of inexplicable sights in the sky and the classic UFO description 234 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:07,920 is always there. 235 00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:14,920 There were glowing lights, glowing discs or cigar shaped objects. 236 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:19,000 These were interpreted as a natural phenomena and were drawn in ways understandable to the 237 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:22,520 people of the time where we might now draw a spacecraft. 238 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:25,520 Here they drew cannon shot. 239 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:37,520 But what did the people of the time make of this fresco now in a Yudhisthav monastery? 240 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:45,520 Despite its apparent modern idiom it dates back to the 14th century. 241 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:54,520 Genesis, Texas, Friday, January the 25th, 1878. 242 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:58,520 A farmer saw a strange phenomenon flying at incredible speed. 243 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:02,520 He described it as a large saucer. 244 00:22:02,520 --> 00:22:06,520 In 1897 came the first wave of flying saucer reports. 245 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:10,120 A strange flying machine was seen over the Midwest of America. 246 00:22:10,120 --> 00:22:15,120 It was watched by thousands of onlookers and in Kansas it said to have snatched a cow 247 00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:17,120 from a terrified farmer. 248 00:22:17,120 --> 00:22:20,620 The machine was reported to fly at 150 miles an hour. 249 00:22:20,620 --> 00:22:25,620 This seemed incredible and could only be explained by the discovery of a new force. 250 00:22:25,620 --> 00:22:32,620 This is an engraving of a spacecraft with searchlights which appeared over San Francisco in 1896. 251 00:22:33,220 --> 00:22:38,220 Twelve years later a similar craft appeared over Peterborough in England and was seen 252 00:22:38,220 --> 00:22:39,720 by a policeman. 253 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:42,720 This started another wave of reports. 254 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:49,720 But it was in 1947 that the major waves began with peaks in 52, 57 and the last three years. 255 00:22:51,220 --> 00:22:53,220 These are American Air Force figures. 256 00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:57,220 695 remain unexplained. 257 00:22:57,220 --> 00:23:00,220 But why have they increased since 1947? 258 00:23:00,220 --> 00:23:05,220 Some characteristics of all belief systems is once the original premise is accepted 259 00:23:05,220 --> 00:23:07,220 the argument follows quite logically. 260 00:23:07,220 --> 00:23:12,220 Mr. John Jackson, Senior Lecturer in Sociology, University of East Anglia. 261 00:23:12,220 --> 00:23:17,220 The development of spiritualism at the end of the 19th century, they are partly explained 262 00:23:17,220 --> 00:23:23,220 by the failure of the church to answer fundamental questions in a way that would satisfy an increasingly 263 00:23:23,220 --> 00:23:25,220 scientific viewpoint. 264 00:23:25,220 --> 00:23:29,220 The spiritualists claim to provide evidence which resolved the uncertainty. 265 00:23:29,220 --> 00:23:34,220 In such situations where problems of the unknown, whether they are life after death or the existence 266 00:23:34,220 --> 00:23:39,220 of life on other planets are concerned, people who are anxious may find that the conventional 267 00:23:39,220 --> 00:23:45,220 wisdom of religion or all of science may lack sufficient and satisfactory answers. 268 00:23:45,220 --> 00:23:51,220 Instead they turn to those who appear to be able to provide certainty to resolve their doubts. 269 00:23:51,220 --> 00:23:56,220 Could therefore be argued that the present interest in aerial phenomena and especially euphors 270 00:23:56,220 --> 00:24:01,220 like 19th century spiritualism is the result of a feeling of betrayal. 271 00:24:01,220 --> 00:24:09,220 To this must be added the very considerable feeling that people have of the destructive forces of science itself. 272 00:24:09,220 --> 00:24:18,220 It's significant that some people believe that flying saucers are sent to observe the harmful effects of atomic radiation 273 00:24:18,220 --> 00:24:21,220 and to save us from destroying ourselves. 274 00:24:21,220 --> 00:24:26,220 Not everyone, however, and not everyone finds flying saucers comforting. 275 00:24:26,220 --> 00:24:31,220 Those flames coming from the bottom, raised up about 20, 30 feet, and just stayed there. 276 00:24:31,220 --> 00:24:34,220 That's when I ran back up here to hide. 277 00:24:34,220 --> 00:24:40,220 This is Lonnie Zamora, who was a patrolman in the city police force, Sacora, New Mexico. 278 00:24:40,220 --> 00:24:45,220 He saw his UFO on April the 24th, 1964. 279 00:24:45,220 --> 00:24:48,220 This amazing story starts here. 280 00:24:48,220 --> 00:24:51,220 The main headquarters in Sacora are in the courthouse. 281 00:24:51,220 --> 00:25:00,220 And when patrolman Zamora came out late that afternoon, he heard a speedster with loud exhausts and gave chase on Park Street going south. 282 00:25:00,220 --> 00:25:04,220 He was doing better in 60 right here. 283 00:25:04,220 --> 00:25:09,220 Small town style, Zamora recognized the black chevy ahead and knew the young driver. 284 00:25:09,220 --> 00:25:14,220 And when he fought right on this dirt road, Zamora knew there was no need to chase further. 285 00:25:14,220 --> 00:25:16,220 There's a dead end up there. 286 00:25:16,220 --> 00:25:19,220 About here. 287 00:25:19,220 --> 00:25:22,220 Thanks for the hurt this big sound. 288 00:25:22,220 --> 00:25:25,220 Boom. Looked up there and I saw some dust flying. 289 00:25:25,220 --> 00:25:30,220 And I figured that dynamite check might have blown up or something. 290 00:25:30,220 --> 00:25:37,220 So I started up again on this road here real fast. 291 00:25:37,220 --> 00:25:45,220 When he got to the top of the slope, through the dust and smoke, he could see two white figures and a white object, which he took to be an overturned car. 292 00:25:45,220 --> 00:25:52,220 So thinking somebody might be trapped, he speeded up. 293 00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:56,220 Call the office. That was going to get out of the car. 294 00:25:56,220 --> 00:26:09,220 But when he got there, the figures had gone and down in the gully right there, he saw a large white round object standing on four legs with flames roaring out from underneath it. 295 00:26:09,220 --> 00:26:11,220 And he was very frightened. 296 00:26:11,220 --> 00:26:12,220 What were you frightened of? 297 00:26:12,220 --> 00:26:16,220 Of the flames coming from under it. I thought it was going to blow up. 298 00:26:16,220 --> 00:26:18,220 So what happened then? 299 00:26:18,220 --> 00:26:22,220 Then it raced up, raced up about 20, 30 feet. 300 00:26:22,220 --> 00:26:26,220 And he stayed there for a while and it took off their way right there. 301 00:26:26,220 --> 00:26:28,220 Up on top of the dynamite check, real low. 302 00:26:28,220 --> 00:26:34,220 And up those mountains up there. 303 00:26:34,220 --> 00:26:49,220 Since then, this little patch on the prairie of New Mexico has become almost a shrine with the landing pad marks of Zamora's flying saucer preserved with little rings of stone. 304 00:26:49,220 --> 00:26:55,220 Looking back on it now, Mr. Zamora, what happened after this object went away over the mountains? 305 00:26:55,220 --> 00:26:59,220 I came back to the police car where I was hiding. 306 00:26:59,220 --> 00:27:01,220 Afterwards, Sergeant Chavez came in his car. 307 00:27:01,220 --> 00:27:04,220 We looked down there and there was this bush burning yet. 308 00:27:04,220 --> 00:27:08,220 And we was going to go down there and he said, you better wait until it quiet down. 309 00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:10,220 Why? What quiet down? 310 00:27:10,220 --> 00:27:12,220 Well, excitement I guess. 311 00:27:12,220 --> 00:27:15,220 And he said not to go down there, he might be radioactive. 312 00:27:15,220 --> 00:27:20,220 So he raged into the courthouse, told him to get a hold of the army. 313 00:27:20,220 --> 00:27:23,220 He did. 314 00:27:23,220 --> 00:27:29,220 About five, ten minutes later, Captain Holder and Sergeant came up there with a box of guider color, I guess. 315 00:27:29,220 --> 00:27:33,220 And they went down to trace this, I guess. 316 00:27:33,220 --> 00:27:40,220 He said he was afterwards about five minutes later, he said to calm down, it was clear. 317 00:27:40,220 --> 00:27:42,220 So we went down there to investigate. 318 00:27:42,220 --> 00:27:43,220 And what did you see? 319 00:27:43,220 --> 00:27:47,220 We saw four imprints in the ground. 320 00:27:47,220 --> 00:27:56,220 In my judgment, Lonnie Zamora is not lying, in the sense that he consciously believes he saw what he says he saw. 321 00:27:56,220 --> 00:28:02,220 What's more, at Whiting Brothers gas station, somebody else is reported to have seen it too, a passing motorist. 322 00:28:02,220 --> 00:28:07,220 So I called in there for petrol and asked the manager, Oprah Grinder, what the motorist told him. 323 00:28:07,220 --> 00:28:10,220 Well, that tourist came up here in the way of gasoline. 324 00:28:10,220 --> 00:28:14,220 He came from the south and he said, your aircraft around here flies awfully low. 325 00:28:14,220 --> 00:28:16,220 I said, well, how is that, sir? 326 00:28:16,220 --> 00:28:18,220 He said, well, it would like to knock me off the road out there. 327 00:28:18,220 --> 00:28:20,220 He said it must have been in trouble. 328 00:28:20,220 --> 00:28:22,220 He said a policeman was going to it. 329 00:28:22,220 --> 00:28:25,220 So I asked him, was the helicopter? 330 00:28:25,220 --> 00:28:26,220 He said no. 331 00:28:26,220 --> 00:28:28,220 He said it wasn't a funny looking one. 332 00:28:28,220 --> 00:28:33,220 So he went on about his fares and I was making up the bank deposit for the bank at 15 to 6. 333 00:28:33,220 --> 00:28:35,220 And that was the same time he was here. 334 00:28:35,220 --> 00:28:40,220 And the next morning, well, it dawned on me that at the time they were the same time that the tourist was in here. 335 00:28:40,220 --> 00:28:43,220 That Zamora went to that object that was on the ground there. 336 00:28:43,220 --> 00:28:50,220 And I called the radio station and told him Zamora was not telling a lie because the tourist seen something and didn't think much of it. 337 00:28:50,220 --> 00:28:55,220 And he saw the police but also going to the object that was on the ground, which was a UFO. 338 00:28:55,220 --> 00:28:59,220 Well, this is a more story is certainly one of the most interesting cases we've had. 339 00:28:59,220 --> 00:29:04,220 To me, the whole thing illustrates a neurotic element surrounding these things. 340 00:29:04,220 --> 00:29:12,220 Mr. Zamora says that Sergeant Chavez told him not to go down in the gully in case of radioactivity. 341 00:29:12,220 --> 00:29:20,220 And when an officer arrived from the army, an intelligence officer, he went down into the gully with a Geiger counter. 342 00:29:20,220 --> 00:29:23,220 Why should he be looking for radioactivity? 343 00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:25,220 What has it got to do with it? 344 00:29:25,220 --> 00:29:27,220 Well, it's sort of the thing to do. 345 00:29:27,220 --> 00:29:29,220 I don't think it's relevant to the case. 346 00:29:29,220 --> 00:29:32,220 I'm naturally interested in the basic question. 347 00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:37,220 I always try to ask myself, did anything really untoward happen? 348 00:29:37,220 --> 00:29:45,220 And whether they were looking for beetles or for radioactivity or microbes, it would make very little difference to me. 349 00:29:45,220 --> 00:29:48,220 Something apparently happened there. 350 00:29:48,220 --> 00:29:53,220 I want to know what was it and what credibility can I assign to that thing? 351 00:29:53,220 --> 00:29:57,220 For instance, on the hypothesis, as some people have indicated, this thing might have been a hoax. 352 00:29:57,220 --> 00:30:00,220 Well, good hoaxes don't keep. 353 00:30:00,220 --> 00:30:06,220 After a few years, what's the point of a hoax if you can't tell somebody about it, that you put something over and it hasn't leaked? 354 00:30:06,220 --> 00:30:12,220 I mean, I can't furthermore if some of the local people, particularly students who wanted to get even with Zamora, 355 00:30:12,220 --> 00:30:17,220 they wouldn't have concocted anything so elaborate, fantastically elaborate thing. 356 00:30:17,220 --> 00:30:25,220 They would have simply slashed his tires or done something much more overt and strangely American. 357 00:30:26,220 --> 00:30:29,220 Do you think Zamora in fact saw something? 358 00:30:29,220 --> 00:30:32,220 Well, I'm sure that he thinks he saw something. 359 00:30:32,220 --> 00:30:35,220 There's just no question about that in my mind. I don't think he's a liar. 360 00:30:35,220 --> 00:30:44,220 But remember that in all these flying saucer incidents, until we have an absolutely incontrovertible photograph, 361 00:30:44,220 --> 00:30:48,220 we can say this is a real photograph. There's simply no question about it. 362 00:30:48,220 --> 00:30:55,220 We do not even know that there was an image on Zamora's retina of his eye when he said he saw that. 363 00:30:55,220 --> 00:31:00,220 I visited Sikoro a number of times, trying frankly to break down the man's character, 364 00:31:00,220 --> 00:31:04,220 try to find out whether he's capable of a hoax and what his reputation is like. 365 00:31:04,220 --> 00:31:09,220 And I've inquired of people who have known him all his life, 366 00:31:09,220 --> 00:31:16,220 and even some of the parents that some of my students happen to live in Sikoro, and I round about tried that. 367 00:31:16,220 --> 00:31:24,220 And Zamora has always held up. His character has simply held up as a solid American citizen cop. 368 00:31:26,220 --> 00:31:34,220 But Zamora, you notice, is no longer a cop. He now works at a gas station, sometimes serving former colleagues. 369 00:31:34,220 --> 00:31:40,220 If there's wish fulfillment in seeing flying saucers, apparently it doesn't always pay off. 370 00:31:40,220 --> 00:31:43,220 They doubt your word, check your character. 371 00:31:43,220 --> 00:31:49,220 There's not only a neurotic element here, it can all get pretty paranoid as well. 372 00:31:49,220 --> 00:31:53,220 I've never dealt with people like I did. 373 00:31:53,220 --> 00:31:58,220 Mr. You would have it up to here. 374 00:32:01,220 --> 00:32:06,220 Joe Simonton lives more than a thousand miles north of Zamora, way up in Wisconsin. 375 00:32:06,220 --> 00:32:13,220 He's the animal lover, ex-professional boxer and deputy sheriff, who had the pancakes from the little man in the flying saucer, 376 00:32:13,220 --> 00:32:15,220 which landed right here in his driveway. 377 00:32:15,220 --> 00:32:18,220 It was right about that black spot, right there. 378 00:32:18,220 --> 00:32:19,220 Right here. 379 00:32:19,220 --> 00:32:22,220 Yeah, yeah. And there were three men in there. 380 00:32:22,220 --> 00:32:29,220 One was making conversations by signs to me. 381 00:32:29,220 --> 00:32:35,220 Nobody spoke a word, and one was cooking these pancakes, and one was sitting at a control panel. 382 00:32:35,220 --> 00:32:44,220 And I walked over to this thing, this man, pancake that I had left, and it's got holes clear through it. 383 00:32:44,220 --> 00:32:47,220 I'm going to turn it around so you can see the whole thing. 384 00:32:47,220 --> 00:32:51,220 And it's just as thick as it was when I got it. 385 00:32:51,220 --> 00:32:55,220 And that's what I got from the flying saucer men. 386 00:32:55,220 --> 00:33:00,220 I got four of them, and that's the only one I have left, and that's for my own security. 387 00:33:00,220 --> 00:33:04,220 I wouldn't take no money, nothing for this little pancake. 388 00:33:04,220 --> 00:33:07,220 Do you think Joe Salmonton is lying? 389 00:33:07,220 --> 00:33:12,220 I don't, and the United States Air Force took him seriously enough to analyze one of his pancakes. 390 00:33:12,220 --> 00:33:17,220 Psychology aside, is a flying saucer an aerodynamic possibility. 391 00:33:17,220 --> 00:33:21,220 Remember they were invented, so to speak, long before flying machines. 392 00:33:21,220 --> 00:33:24,220 Mr. Brown-Winder is an engineer graduate of Leeds University. 393 00:33:24,220 --> 00:33:30,220 He's addressing a joint meeting of the British Interplanetary Society and Royal Aeronautical Society at Bristol. 394 00:33:30,220 --> 00:33:33,220 These are the men who built Concorde. 395 00:33:33,220 --> 00:33:38,220 In a conventional jet engine of the type that you're building for Concorde, for example, 396 00:33:38,220 --> 00:33:42,220 the whole of the propellant air passes through the engine. 397 00:33:42,220 --> 00:33:52,220 Now in a pulsed hydromagnetic system of this kind, the propellant air flows almost entirely outside the engine. 398 00:33:52,220 --> 00:33:59,220 The neutral air, which is unaffected by the magnetic field, flows in across it until it's under the machine. 399 00:33:59,220 --> 00:34:05,220 Then the thermonuclear reactor, which is essential for this kind of propulsion, 400 00:34:05,220 --> 00:34:16,220 because it has such a high power-to-weight ratio, and because it will also produce the ideal ionizing radiation for dealing with the air, 401 00:34:16,220 --> 00:34:19,220 flashes this air and ionizes it. 402 00:34:19,220 --> 00:34:26,220 The air is then trapped by the magnetic field, can't escape across the field, but can escape the puddle of the field. 403 00:34:26,220 --> 00:34:37,220 The field pulses and expels that air, thus creating a very large jet compared with the size of the engine producing it. 404 00:34:37,220 --> 00:34:43,220 This gives rise to remarkable propulsion capabilities. 405 00:34:43,220 --> 00:34:53,220 For example, as these figures show, if the system is pulsed about three times in every two seconds, 406 00:34:53,220 --> 00:35:04,220 it can literally drive a machine weighing a thousand tons upwards at an acceleration of 30 G, 30 times the acceleration due to gravity. 407 00:35:04,220 --> 00:35:09,220 Now how would a machine of this kind appear to a casual observer? 408 00:35:09,220 --> 00:35:17,220 The jet velocities are low, and therefore the jet is much more silent than the conventional jet. 409 00:35:17,220 --> 00:35:24,220 The ionization produces glows that are almost always described by human beings as weird. 410 00:35:24,220 --> 00:35:35,220 They are typically the greens and reds of ionized oxygen, or at higher power levels, the violets of ionized nitrogen in the air. 411 00:35:35,220 --> 00:35:42,220 And I would like to show you a picture which may illustrate this effect. 412 00:35:47,220 --> 00:35:51,220 This photograph was taken by two young ladies in southern Ireland. 413 00:35:51,220 --> 00:36:02,220 On a very bright sunny afternoon they saw this small luminous round object moving across the sky from right to left in front of them. 414 00:36:02,220 --> 00:36:09,220 They insist that they did not see this great bright plume behind it. 415 00:36:09,220 --> 00:36:18,220 Now the only thing of course that will affect a film and yet be invisible to the eye is an ultraviolet image. 416 00:36:18,220 --> 00:36:21,220 Now ionized air has several other properties. 417 00:36:21,220 --> 00:36:28,220 It's electrically conductive and can interfere with high tension electrical equipment. 418 00:36:28,220 --> 00:36:32,220 For example, with the sparking flow of a vehicle. 419 00:36:32,220 --> 00:36:37,220 It also smells because it contains large quantities of ozone. 420 00:36:37,220 --> 00:36:44,220 And the smell would be described by a nearby observer as unpleasant and accurate. 421 00:36:44,220 --> 00:36:52,220 Well it was a smell. It was a smell that someone has asked me if it was smelled like ozone, but I don't know what the smell of ozone is. 422 00:36:52,220 --> 00:37:00,220 And the only way that I could describe it is the smell of bakelite which is under friction. 423 00:37:00,220 --> 00:37:06,220 It sends up a distinctive smell more like insulation. 424 00:37:06,220 --> 00:37:11,220 Now that wouldn't have been anything to do with the engine which is installed now. 425 00:37:11,220 --> 00:37:19,220 Because this is all PVC encased wire through here and the smell is completely different. 426 00:37:20,220 --> 00:37:26,220 On Thursday October the 26th 1967 just after the Devon police sightings you may notice 427 00:37:26,220 --> 00:37:32,220 Mr. Collett was driving a load of titanium along the A32 near Hook Hampshire on his way from Crawley to Redditch. 428 00:37:32,220 --> 00:37:37,220 Approaching the A30 his vehicle stalled and his lights went out. 429 00:37:37,220 --> 00:37:44,220 And it wasn't until I sort of put the bonnet down and I turned away that I saw it in the sky. 430 00:37:44,220 --> 00:37:51,220 But the actual feeling, the pressure that was on my airdrums was actually before I had seen it. 431 00:37:51,220 --> 00:38:00,220 The only other physical thing I noticed is that I lost a sense of coordination between my foot and my hand. 432 00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:04,220 I noticed that I had a pulsation through the fingertips here. 433 00:38:04,220 --> 00:38:08,220 And it was like having a separate pulse on each finger. 434 00:38:08,220 --> 00:38:14,220 I turned around to get into the motor and I saw this object in the sky there. 435 00:38:14,220 --> 00:38:18,220 About 100 yards away, about 5200 foot in the air. 436 00:38:18,220 --> 00:38:20,220 And I should say at least 60 foot across. 437 00:38:20,220 --> 00:38:29,220 It covered the entire width of the road because as I looked up it was one side of the trees and the other side of the trees as far as I could see it. 438 00:38:29,220 --> 00:38:32,220 That was it. 439 00:38:32,220 --> 00:38:38,220 It's part of the flying saucer mythology that they settle over power lines to recharge their batteries. 440 00:38:38,220 --> 00:38:44,220 But on this occasion the electricity board reported no unusual demand and it was 4.30 in the morning. 441 00:38:44,220 --> 00:38:52,220 What's more radar defence did not detect any unusual object that night and at filing days they could locate a barn door over Siberia. 442 00:38:52,220 --> 00:38:57,220 But are they being fooled in their multi-million pound James Bond world? 443 00:40:32,220 --> 00:40:36,220 An elaborate radar defence network against conventional aircraft. 444 00:40:36,220 --> 00:40:38,220 One of them is at Bordzini's Dengler. 445 00:40:38,220 --> 00:40:44,220 I asked Wing Commander Mason could a spacecraft enter British airspace and remain undetected? 446 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:50,220 Any flying object which has a reflecting surface and I know of none but haven't, 447 00:40:50,220 --> 00:40:54,220 once it enters the radar cover over the United Kingdom, 448 00:40:54,220 --> 00:40:58,220 we're reported as an unidentified track. 449 00:40:58,220 --> 00:41:03,220 The entire country is covered by a complete overlapping radar system 450 00:41:03,220 --> 00:41:12,220 and it is the job of this radar network as a whole to report all tracks and identify them. 451 00:41:12,220 --> 00:41:18,220 If a track appears on the radar screens it's our job to identify this through our communications network. 452 00:41:18,220 --> 00:41:23,220 At any time we can pick out any track. 453 00:41:23,220 --> 00:41:32,220 And if it is of significance we can continue to track this until such time as action is taken or until it's disregarded. 454 00:41:32,220 --> 00:41:38,220 And if need be we can scramble aircraft to identify. 455 00:41:38,220 --> 00:41:43,220 During the whole process of radar scanning the radar is filmed continuously. 456 00:41:43,220 --> 00:41:51,220 At any time we can refer back to these films to investigate and examine any reported tracks. 457 00:41:51,220 --> 00:41:57,220 A considerable amount of our time has been taken up by investigating so-called UFO reports. 458 00:41:57,220 --> 00:42:02,220 Oh, which have proved absolutely prudent. 459 00:42:02,220 --> 00:42:06,220 And besides a military radar there is civil control of airlines. 460 00:42:06,220 --> 00:42:09,220 In Boston I checked with the Federal Aviation Agency. 461 00:42:09,220 --> 00:42:14,220 This unit controls all flights over New York and points north. 462 00:42:14,220 --> 00:42:20,220 Beholding to on the hour. 463 00:42:20,220 --> 00:42:26,220 This is what traffic supervisor O'Brien said when I asked him if he'd ever checked UFO reports. 464 00:42:26,220 --> 00:42:35,220 Well the cases that we've had where we got the report soon enough to confirm or to go to the scope to confirm the report. 465 00:42:35,220 --> 00:42:41,220 We have never seen a UFO or reported UFO on the scope. 466 00:42:41,220 --> 00:42:51,220 Nevertheless the US Air Force has allocated half a million dollars for flying saucer research and set up a study group at Denver Colorado to investigate the whole phenomenon. 467 00:42:51,220 --> 00:43:00,220 The chairman is Dr. Edward Condon, a physicist of international repute and an independent minding man who showed great courage during the McCarthy witch hunts. 468 00:43:00,220 --> 00:43:03,220 So can you investigate UFOs scientifically? 469 00:43:03,220 --> 00:43:07,220 Well I think so, but it's very very difficult. 470 00:43:07,220 --> 00:43:19,220 Of course scientifically it merely means to collect as much good careful data as one can and to examine it and interpret it as rationally as one can. 471 00:43:19,220 --> 00:43:30,220 The difficulties are that the phenomena are really quite rare and very much diluted by a lot of reports that really have commonplace explanations. 472 00:43:30,220 --> 00:43:36,220 But then having gotten to the few rare ones one has to work on them. 473 00:43:36,220 --> 00:43:48,220 But the great difficulty I would say the greatest that's from a physicist's point of view is that the phenomena only lasts a very short time and most people are slow about reporting. 474 00:43:48,220 --> 00:43:51,220 So we don't hear about it till the next day. 475 00:43:51,220 --> 00:44:04,220 So the difficulty that makes it hard for us to take pictures or spectra or any of those things that a physicist would like to do, we're just reduced to talking to people and that's not very satisfactory to a physicist. 476 00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:12,220 And people of course are biology which is much more complicated than physics. They can deliberately perpetrate fakes. 477 00:44:12,220 --> 00:44:17,220 And with the high prices paid for flying saucer photographs there's money in it too and a lot of fun. 478 00:44:22,220 --> 00:44:29,220 The BBC special effects department certainly enjoyed making this piece of film shown at the beginning. 479 00:44:33,220 --> 00:44:45,220 But sometimes people make genuine mistakes. In this very aircraft Mrs. Oldfield left Manchester while filming cloud she saw a strange object swim interview. 480 00:44:45,220 --> 00:44:49,220 The BBC program Tomorrow's World investigated. 481 00:44:50,220 --> 00:44:56,220 The thing was cigar shaped and blue, grey and colour. Suddenly it vanished, seeming to turn on its axis and shoot off into the distance. 482 00:44:56,220 --> 00:44:59,220 Here's that sequence again slowed down. 483 00:45:09,220 --> 00:45:15,220 If we look at the disappearing act frame by frame we can see that the actual disappearance is completed in the course of only three frames. 484 00:45:15,220 --> 00:45:24,220 Assuming the object to be about 40 feet long is the faint appearance of portholes along the side suggest it must have accelerated away at a speed of something like 5,000 miles an hour, 485 00:45:24,220 --> 00:45:30,220 seven times the speed of sound in only one sixteenth of a second. Though under no one else on board saw it. 486 00:45:31,220 --> 00:45:39,220 This is a British United Airways dart herald. The registration number, Golf, Alpha, Papa Whiskey India, shows it to be the very plane Mrs. Oldfield flew in. 487 00:45:39,220 --> 00:45:44,220 Notice the tail blade. It was this that suggested the flight might prove worthwhile. 488 00:45:46,220 --> 00:45:53,220 Our cameraman sat in the same seat as Mrs. Oldfield had. Through the window, notice how the view is distorted at the edges. 489 00:45:53,220 --> 00:45:56,220 The glass is slightly convex where it meets the frame. 490 00:45:56,220 --> 00:46:05,220 Taxing out now for the takeoff. A 16 millimeter camera is unwieldy and for hunting UFOs perhaps less effective than the amateurs 8 millimeter. 491 00:46:05,220 --> 00:46:11,220 Nevertheless, watch very carefully. Here it comes. Tomorrow's world's very own UFO. 492 00:46:11,220 --> 00:46:21,220 This is how Mrs. Oldfield described her experience. I looked under the window and saw what I thought to be some kind of large aircraft cutting a bleakly across the back of our aircraft. 493 00:46:21,220 --> 00:46:25,220 It was smooth but not shiny or glittering. It was clearly defined. 494 00:46:25,220 --> 00:46:28,220 What we are seeing now is in fact a derailed aircraft. 495 00:46:28,220 --> 00:46:34,220 I looked under the window and saw what I thought to be some kind of large aircraft cutting a bleakly across the back of our aircraft. 496 00:46:34,220 --> 00:46:38,220 It was smooth but not shiny or glittering. It was clearly defined. 497 00:46:38,220 --> 00:46:46,220 What we are seeing now is in fact a direct view of the tail plane of the aircraft seen at an acute angle to the window glass. 498 00:46:46,220 --> 00:46:53,220 At the edge of the windows, the angle of the glass changes, breaking the image and making it seem to float disembodied in space. 499 00:46:54,220 --> 00:47:03,220 Those portholes on the UFO are in fact flaking paint on the leading edge of the tail plane. 500 00:47:06,220 --> 00:47:11,220 A slight change of camera angle makes the UFO disappear or reappear. 501 00:47:11,220 --> 00:47:16,220 So however sincere a witness may be, it's no use judging the evidence on their sincerity. 502 00:47:16,220 --> 00:47:25,220 Some of the most controversial photographs ever taken were by this man, Rex Heflin, traffic investigator of Orange County, Southern California. 503 00:47:25,220 --> 00:47:39,220 On a routine tour, he took this photograph and this one and this and in particular this photograph of a deposit in the sky as the source had disappeared. 504 00:47:39,220 --> 00:47:44,220 And it all happened on this very stretch of road near the Santa Ana Freeway. 505 00:47:47,220 --> 00:48:08,220 What I'm trying to do is see whether an individual could drive up in a van and suspend a model like this from the top of the van and then get in and photograph it all without arousing too much curiosity and get pictures like Mr. Heflin got. 506 00:48:09,220 --> 00:48:15,220 Dr. William Hartman is an astronomer in the University of Arizona. 507 00:48:15,220 --> 00:48:25,220 He's responsible to the Condon study group at Denver, Colorado for the investigation of all photographic evidence. 508 00:48:38,220 --> 00:48:45,220 We'll have to let it dry off a little bit before we can peel the back and stuff like that. 509 00:48:47,220 --> 00:48:56,220 What we get is a pretty good duplication of the Santa Ana photograph. It's sharp and it looks pretty much like what they had. 510 00:48:56,220 --> 00:48:57,220 That's fantastic. 511 00:48:57,220 --> 00:49:04,220 The trouble, we thought that we couldn't do it that way originally because we thought that it would be too close to the camera, the little model. 512 00:49:04,220 --> 00:49:07,220 And we thought the model would be fuzzy and the background would be sharp. 513 00:49:07,220 --> 00:49:15,220 But this camera that he used turns out to have a great depth of field, keeps everything sharp and turns it out to look quite a bit like the original. 514 00:49:15,220 --> 00:49:24,220 It's not saying that he did it that way, but anyone else can argue that he did it that way and that means it doesn't have as much value to the scientists. 515 00:49:24,220 --> 00:49:36,220 As a result of this kind of experimentation, Dr. what is your view as to the validity then of photographic evidence in these flying saucer investigations? 516 00:49:36,220 --> 00:49:49,220 You keep coming back to the problem of what does an individual case do to help establish that there really are UFOs flying through our atmosphere, some kind of solid extraordinary object. 517 00:49:49,220 --> 00:50:01,220 And if a single case can be easily duplicated this way, then anyone who chooses not to believe the idea of UFOs has an easy way out. 518 00:50:01,220 --> 00:50:06,220 So you've got to have a pace that pretty well stands up. 519 00:50:06,220 --> 00:50:15,220 And usually this means multiple witnesses, photographs that really indicate evidence that indicate that something solid was there, something large and extraordinary. 520 00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:21,220 You have exactly the same kind of thing in the assassination of President Kennedy, for example. 521 00:50:21,220 --> 00:50:29,220 You've got eyewitnesses, you've got photographs, you've got hard evidence, bullets, fragments of things. 522 00:50:29,220 --> 00:50:36,220 And yet there's a big question and people argue both ways and people write books that one thing happened and another thing happened. 523 00:50:36,220 --> 00:50:48,220 In this problem of UFOs, we have exactly the situation you would expect if there were objects seen, a lot of confusion, people giving contradictory testimony. 524 00:50:48,220 --> 00:50:55,220 I don't think there's anything in the evidence that we have that's inconsistent with the idea that UFOs pass over, that doesn't prove that they do. 525 00:50:55,220 --> 00:51:02,220 Mr. Hevlin, how do you feel to be the subject of a scientific investigation which is virtually an estimation of your integrity? 526 00:51:02,220 --> 00:51:17,220 Well, I feel fine. My particular line of work is investigation of conditions, people, things, and I have no ill feeling whatsoever about it, and a thorough investigation. 527 00:51:17,220 --> 00:51:27,220 You see, Dr. Hartman's made the point that the whole scientific integrity of this thing turns on the fact as to whether it is easy or not to fake photographs of this kind. 528 00:51:27,220 --> 00:51:45,220 I understand that. I personally do not know how easily one could be faked. However, this day and age we're in close proximity to production areas that can produce anything one would desire on film, right up 35 miles from here in Hollywood. 529 00:51:45,220 --> 00:51:52,220 And evidence of that is such that you're familiar with Bambi and Snow White and Mary Poppins. 530 00:51:52,220 --> 00:52:00,220 Yes, I am. Take the fourth picture. Now there is cloud covering that, but not in the other pictures. How do you count for that? 531 00:52:00,220 --> 00:52:16,220 Well, I feel it was caused with the electronic circuit in the camera and the change in the shutter. One would photograph a photo from within a vehicle or a building to the outside. 532 00:52:16,220 --> 00:52:31,220 You lose the definition of your sky or cloud marking, but as soon as one goes out in the surrounding light, and which I did to photograph that, stepped out of the vehicle, immediately your lens will recover and show more detail. 533 00:52:31,220 --> 00:52:39,220 Mr. Hartman, this isn't a snide question. The implications are obvious. But are you a man who has ever or does in fact make models? 534 00:52:39,220 --> 00:52:51,220 Yes, probably since I was 10 years old, I have constructed and flown model aircraft. And if time permitted, I would be doing it yet. I just don't have the time for it. I think it's a wonderful hobby. 535 00:52:51,220 --> 00:53:01,220 Yes, Mr. Heffelin is a model man. His collection of trains is one of the finest in the United States, worth nearly 10,000 pounds. And of course, he does make models. 536 00:53:01,220 --> 00:53:12,220 But we have to face the fact, such is the nature of the human mind, that it is possible for someone to fake a photograph and forget it. Indeed, people can even see flying saucers and forget it. 537 00:53:12,220 --> 00:53:22,220 On the night of the 19th of September 1961, Barney and Betty Hill were returning from a second honeymoon. They were on their way home to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. 538 00:53:22,220 --> 00:53:34,220 They remembered leaving a restaurant here about 10 o'clock that night and heading south down Route 3. And then at about this point, an extraordinary series of events began. 539 00:53:34,220 --> 00:53:43,220 Betty called my attention to something that she'd been observing in the sky. It was a star and she saw it as a stationary object. When I looked, it was now beginning to move. 540 00:53:43,220 --> 00:53:55,220 When I looked again to see where the object was, it had descended to about 200 feet from the ground. I became at this time determined that I was going to identify this as something natural because I didn't believe in UFOs, applying saucers. 541 00:53:55,220 --> 00:53:56,220 Any of that nonsense. 542 00:53:56,220 --> 00:54:04,220 But the next thing the hills could remember afterwards was driving along this stretch of road. Where have they been? What had happened in between? 543 00:54:04,220 --> 00:54:16,220 This remained a mystery for several years until Dr. Benjamin Simon, the leading psychiatrist in Boston, hypnotized the hills separately and took them back in time to that extraordinary night. 544 00:54:16,220 --> 00:54:25,220 We both described under hypnosis of the car coming to a complete halt, the electrical system dying out, a cluster of men on the highway coming to waters. 545 00:54:25,220 --> 00:54:32,220 Three came up on my side, several on Betty's side. Of course, she tells this part much better than I could because this would have been her experience. 546 00:54:32,220 --> 00:54:49,220 When this happened, I became terrified and I thought, well, I'll get out of the car and I'll run and hide in the woods. Just as I opened the car door, the men opened it for me and stepped close to where I was. 547 00:54:49,220 --> 00:55:06,220 One man put his hand out and I suddenly had the feeling of going to sleep. And then for a while, I didn't know quite what happened. The man beside me said that I had no reason to be afraid. 548 00:55:06,220 --> 00:55:13,220 They just wanted to do a few simple tests. Then they would take us back to the car and we could be on our way home. 549 00:55:13,220 --> 00:55:26,220 In spite of this, I preferred not to go on board, but he was very insistent and authoritarian about this. And Barney was of no help. He was sleepwalking. 550 00:55:26,220 --> 00:55:32,220 So we went on board. First, they took Barney into one room and I went into a second room. 551 00:55:32,220 --> 00:55:51,220 In this room, they did what I would call a fairly simple physical examination. They seemed to have mostly interest in my skin. I had the idea they were taking pictures of my skin, also interest in my hands and my feet. 552 00:55:51,220 --> 00:56:06,220 They also did a test which they called checking my nervous system. Also, there was another examination where they tried to insert an instrument, needle-like instrument, just below my navel. 553 00:56:06,220 --> 00:56:21,220 And this caused pain. The leader, the one I call the leader, put his hand out over my eyes. The pain went away. But they seemed to show emotion about this as though they were sorry that they had hurt me. 554 00:56:21,220 --> 00:56:36,220 I would say throughout the whole examination it would be like picking up some kind of a strange animal and looking it over, giving it a check-up and putting it back down again without any intentions of harming it. 555 00:56:36,220 --> 00:56:41,220 But not really too important whether they did or not. 556 00:56:41,220 --> 00:56:55,220 After the examination, I was waiting because they had not completed Barney's. And this man whom I call the leader was standing there. I said to him, this is an extraordinary experience. 557 00:56:55,220 --> 00:57:07,220 No one is ever going to believe this has happened. What I need is some proof, some evidence. So he told me to look around. What would I like to take? 558 00:57:07,220 --> 00:57:18,220 On this table there was a huge book, or quite a large book, so he said I could have this. And I was delighted with this. 559 00:57:18,220 --> 00:57:32,220 Then one of the men came running into the room and tried to, was pulling at my teeth. And they were quite amazed. And I noticed that he had Barney's teeth, is Barney's dentures in his hand. 560 00:57:32,220 --> 00:57:43,220 And this seemed to be quite interesting to them on why his teeth were removable and mine were not. After this conversation the men came out bringing Barney. 561 00:57:43,220 --> 00:57:52,220 And the leader said we could now go back to the car. I was very, very relieved. And I picked up the book he had given me. 562 00:57:53,220 --> 00:58:09,220 Barney was ahead and I was following behind when all of a sudden there seemed to be some kind of discord. The leader stopped and went back to where this group of men was standing whom I call the crew, the crew members. 563 00:58:09,220 --> 00:58:21,220 He came back and he took the book. And I was very angry about this because this was my proof. And he said well this was the purpose of taking the book. 564 00:58:21,220 --> 00:58:36,220 That he himself had no objections to my having it. But the others did. And that they had as much right in this decision as he did. And they had decided that we were going to forget the all experienced. 565 00:58:36,220 --> 00:58:40,220 Dr. Simon, what do you make of the Hill's extraordinary story? 566 00:58:40,220 --> 00:58:55,220 Well it was at the very least puzzling. They both gave the same story of their experience in the sighting of an unidentified flying object adding to it as I had directed under hypnosis their emotional experiences during this. 567 00:58:55,220 --> 00:59:09,220 However, Betty went on to recount a fantastic story of the return of the vehicle, the emergence of the men from the vehicle and their abduction of Barney and Betty. 568 00:59:09,220 --> 00:59:22,220 Betty described it in great detail. Her examinations with such things as a needle in the navel and there were a lot of other incongruities in time and space that she gave. 569 00:59:23,220 --> 00:59:32,220 This left me baffled and I was at considerable loss until I realized that a positive quality of all these things was its dream quality. 570 00:59:32,220 --> 00:59:43,220 That dreams are the areas in which these things can exist together, be acceptable and not require a diagnosis of mental disorder or anything else of that sort. 571 00:59:43,220 --> 00:59:49,220 Now this led to an original problem had been nightmare watching part was a dream. 572 00:59:49,220 --> 00:59:55,220 The next question was how it got to Barney. She denied telling him he denied being told. 573 00:59:55,220 --> 01:00:07,220 She did admit telling the dreams to her supervisor and her sister and it turned out that Barney at the time was on night duty, was working nights and therefore was home in the daytime. 574 01:00:08,220 --> 01:00:15,220 Finally I found that she had told these dreams in Barney's presence though it was not recognized by the two. 575 01:00:15,220 --> 01:00:19,220 Therefore he could understand a part of the story. 576 01:00:19,220 --> 01:00:31,220 Now the suggestion by the supervisor that these might not be dreams but a reality was apparently followed by the complete repression of the whole thing leading to what we might call this amnesia. 577 01:00:31,220 --> 01:00:37,220 This gap in memory which was opened up under hypnosis producing this fantastic story. 578 01:00:37,220 --> 01:00:41,220 Dr. Simon, are Mr. and Mrs. Hill a deep trance hypnotic subjects? 579 01:00:41,220 --> 01:00:48,220 They are. They hypnotize very easily. They show spontaneous amnesia and could be taken back in time. 580 01:00:48,220 --> 01:00:54,220 I find that answer but the Hill's a deep trance hypnotic subjects very significant. I'll explain why in a moment. 581 01:00:54,220 --> 01:01:00,220 Because that was virtually the end of my investigation except for a short consultation with a computer. 582 01:01:00,220 --> 01:01:06,220 As I see it there is certainly something very interesting going on and I should like to make three points. 583 01:01:06,220 --> 01:01:21,220 In the first place as a research worker in neurophysiology it naturally occurred to me that a lot of apparent movement of lights in the sky might be due to a well-known mechanism in the brain which makes a flickering light in a darkened room appear to move. 584 01:01:21,220 --> 01:01:27,220 It's unlikely to move for you on television because total darkness is required or so it's believed. 585 01:01:27,220 --> 01:01:39,220 But for this girl the light seems to move and she is following the apparent movement with the joystick and her subjective experience the way she thinks she sees the light move is recorded here. 586 01:01:39,220 --> 01:01:47,220 Darny said himself he didn't believe in UFOs flying saucers or near that nonsense but Betty did. She told me so herself. 587 01:01:47,220 --> 01:01:59,220 So that to some extent suggestion was going on in the home could a flickering light then and the way people reacting grooves and hypnosis all combined explain flying saucers. 588 01:01:59,220 --> 01:02:04,220 Well certainly not all of them but perhaps some. 589 01:02:04,220 --> 01:02:11,220 But what sort of group behavior was going on in Captain Howard's plane with a crew separated from the passengers. 590 01:02:11,220 --> 01:02:18,220 It all gets a bit spooky and implies telepathy or something unless of course those UFOs were really there. 591 01:02:18,220 --> 01:02:24,220 In any case what about this two and a half thousand miles away on that very same day. 592 01:02:24,220 --> 01:02:35,220 The old Goman British News reports in June 1954 a flight was made by a party of Scandinavian cameraman and astronomers for the purpose of filming the total eclipse of the sun. 593 01:02:35,220 --> 01:02:40,220 This is a factual account of what happened during that scientific mission three miles above the earth. 594 01:02:40,220 --> 01:02:55,220 While the plane was timing to gain the scheduled height of 15,000 feet the passengers were busy assembling and checking their instruments. 595 01:02:55,220 --> 01:03:01,220 While some filmed the eclipse with its fire a corona others were making detailed notes of the amazing phenomenon. 596 01:03:01,220 --> 01:03:05,220 Then while they were returning to base one member spotted moving objects. 597 01:03:05,220 --> 01:03:11,220 The chief cameraman quickly prepared his camera and filmed them for about 10 seconds before they disappeared. 598 01:03:11,220 --> 01:03:13,220 These are the actual pictures he took. 599 01:03:13,220 --> 01:03:22,220 Two shiny discs moving away in the top left hand corner were calculated to be 15 or 20 miles away which would suggest they were of enormous size. 600 01:03:22,220 --> 01:03:27,220 These pictures taken with a miniature camera have been enlarged thus magnifying the blemishes on the negative. 601 01:03:27,220 --> 01:03:30,220 And now the objects are enlarged up even further. 602 01:03:30,220 --> 01:03:34,220 There were no glass attachments on the plane which might have caused reflection. 603 01:03:34,220 --> 01:03:43,220 50 people in three planes saw the objects and wrote reports of them and during past months exhaustive checks have established that no balloons or planes were in the area. 604 01:03:43,220 --> 01:03:47,220 Here again the objects are seen making their unexplained journey through space. 605 01:03:47,220 --> 01:03:50,220 Observers said they rotated and showed a slipstream. 606 01:03:50,220 --> 01:03:53,220 Well what do you think? 607 01:03:57,220 --> 01:04:00,220 Well what do you think?